Abstract: In this study, the carbon storage of poplar plantations in Heze, Shandong Province was estimated based on Landsat TM5 data. Firstly, based on field survey data, the tree biomass estimation model was built before calculating biomass in plot level with DBH as an input variable. Then, on the basis of correlations between forest biomass and remote sensing data, a multiple regression model was built. The derived model for tree biomass estimation was lnB = 2.486lnD - 2.415, and its multiple correlation coefficient was 0.879(P 0.05). Model B =1 765.412 +7 378.884 ln4 +2 113.781 ⅹ1/ 4 +14.541 ⅹ 1/ 1 was appropriate for estimating biomass of poplars in the target area, with its multiple correlation coefficient was 0.754(P 0.01). Carbon storage of poplar plantations was 13.93 Tg, which accounted for 25.39% of carbon storage of forest vegetation in Shandong Province. The carbon density was 43.82 t/ hm2, as much as 21.82% more than the national average level. The area of poplar plantations had reached 3.179 ⅹ105 hm2. In addition, 73.22% of poplar carbon density was lower than 57 t/ hm2, and it presented a homogeneity in spatial distribution. In sum, poplar plays an important role in carbon sequestration for Heze City of Shandong Province, eastern China.