晋西黄土区林草复合系统土壤养分分布特征及边界效应
Distribution characteristics and boundary effects of soil nutrient in silvopastoral system in the loess region of western Shanxi Province, northern China
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摘要: 以晋西黄土区典型刺槐×天然草复合系统为研究对象，分析复合系统土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量的分布特征及边界效应，旨在为该地区植被恢复、土地合理利用和林草复合系统的可持续经营提供一定的科学依据。结果表明：1)复合系统内土壤养分分布不平衡，不同斑块类型土壤养分含量存在差异，在0~20 cm土层体现得尤为明显；2)土壤养分含量在复合系统土壤剖面中有明显的层次性，0~20 cm土层的养分含量高于20~40 cm土层的；水平方向上，在草地内土壤养分含量变化相对平稳，随着距林缘距离的增加而增加；而在林地内水平变化较为复杂，变化曲线呈波浪型；3)移动窗口法表明，复合边界土壤养分具有较明显的边界效应，综合考虑所测定的4种土壤养分指标，确定边界土壤养分的共有影响域是从草地4 m到林地3 m，影响域宽度为7 m。Abstract: Taking locust-natural grass model in the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province, northern China as research object, soil nutrient distribution characteristics and boundary effects of organic matters, total nitrogen, available P and available K of soil were studied to provide scientific basis for vegetation restoration, land rational use and sustainable management of silvopastoral system in this region. The results showed that 1) soil nutrient content was unevenly distributed, and it showed differences at varied patches in the silvopastoral system, especially in surface soil layer(0-20 cm). 2) There were obvious hierarchical characteristics in soil profile in the silvopastoral system, the soil nutrient content was higher in 0-20 cm soil layer than that in 20-40 cm; in horizontal direction, variation of soil nutrient was relatively steady and soil nutrient content increased with increasing distance from forest edge to grass area. Variation of soil nutrient was relatively complicated and was similar to wave curve. 3) Moving split-window approach showed that boundary soil nutrient in the silvopastoral system had relatively obvious boundary effects. The location of the edge effect of soil nutrient lied in 4 m in grass exterior to 3 m in forest by comprehensive consideration of four types of soil nutrient indices, and then the common width of edge influence to soil nutrient was 7 m.
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