Biomass allocation patterns and allometric models of Ginkgo biloba
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摘要: 以苏北地区银杏人工林为研究对象，选取13株进行整株挖掘，分析不同器官生物量的分配格局，以及地上和地下生物量之间的关系；再分别以胸径(D)、树高(H)、D2H、DaHb为自变量建立银杏各器官生物量模型，选择调整决定系数(Radj2)、残差平方和(SSE)、平均偏差(ME)、平均绝对偏差(MAE)和平均相对误差(MPE)作为选择最优模型的检验指标，根据检验结果筛选出各器官的最优模型。结果表明：13株银杏的整株生物量变化范围为28.50~320.27 kg，树干生物量占总生物量的49.4%~56.6%，树枝生物量占总生物量的12.1%~18.9%，树叶生物量占总生物量的3.8%~5.5%，根生物量占总生物量的26%；地上部分生物量与地下生物量线性方程的斜率为0.35，具有显著的线性相关性(P＜0.01)；枝和叶生物量都集中于树冠中部，树冠上层和下层的枝、叶生物量明显低于树冠中层生物量(P＜0.05)，上层和下层生物量之间差异不显著(P>0.05)，70%根生物量集中0~1.0 m的土层；枝水平上，基于基径和枝长的枝生物量模型解释量超过95%；在各器官生物量最优模型选择上，以D为自变量的W=aDb的叶、枝、地上部分生物量模型要优于其他模型；树干、根和全株生物量则是以W=aDbHc模型最优。银杏各器官生物量表现为干>根>枝>叶，枝和叶生物量垂直分配上，中冠层占最大比例；基于树高和胸径的相对生长模型可以实现对银杏各器官生物量的准确拟合，银杏生物量及碳储量的有效估算。Abstract: Based on the Ginkgo biloba plantation in northern area of Jiangsu Province, eastern China, 13 sample trees with different diameters at breast height (DBH) were selected, and used to analyze the relationships between above- and below-ground biomass and their allocation patterns. At the individual tree level, allometric models for each component biomass were developed based on independent variables of DBH, tree height (H), D2H and DaHb. The best fitting models were identified by the fitting and test results of parameter estimation, the statistical parameters used in this paper were adjusted determination coefficient (Radj2), sum of squares for error (SSE), statistics estimating the standard deviation SEE, mean relative deviation (ME), mean relative deviation absolute (MAE), mean estimated error (MPE). The results showed that the whole variation range for plant biomass of the 13 ginkgo trees was 28.50-320.27 kg for each tree. Relative proportions of stem, branch, leaf, and root to total tree biomass were 49.4%-56.6%, 12.1%-18.9%, 3.8%-5.5%, and 26%, respectively. The aboveground biomass was significantly linearly correlated with belowground biomass. The slope of the fitted linear model was 0.35. Results showed that the majority leaf and branch biomass occurred in the middle canopy layers, with significant difference between the middle, upper and lower layers in combined biomass of leaves and branches, and there was no significance between upper and lower layers. For all sample trees, about 70% of roots were observed in the 0-1.0 m soil layer. With soil depth increasing, the root biomass decreased exponentially. At branch level, allometric models based on two variables (i.e. BD and BL) of branch biomass explained more than 95% of the variations in data. The results showed that D was a best independent variable in estimating the biomass of leaf, branch, aboveground section than the rest variables, and D-H was the best in estimating stem, root and total tree biomass. The mean value of proportion of different biomass components showed an order of stem > root > branch > leaf. The middle canopy layers occupied the maximum ratio in vertical and horizontal distribution of branch and leaf biomass, and these results were in consistence with the isometric biomass allocation theory. Allometric models based on independent variables of DBH, and H would be suitable for predicting the above- and below-ground component biomass of ginkgo, and the calculation of ginkgo biomass and carbon storage.
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Keywords:
- biomass /
- allocation pattern /
- allometric model /
- ginkgo plantation
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图 1 银杏地上生物量与地下生物量之间的关系
Figure 1. Relationship between aboveground and belowground biomass of Ginkgo biloba
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图 2 银杏树干、树枝、树叶、树根生物量空间分布图
Figure 2. Horizontal and vertical distribution of stem, branch, leaf and root biomass of G. biloba
表 1 标准木基本信息表
Table 1 Basic characteristics of sample trees
径级
Diameter at breast height (DBH) class/cm株数
Tree number胸径
DBH/cm树高
Tree height(H)/m树冠长度
Grown length/m南北向冠幅
South-north crown width/m东西向冠幅
East-west crown width/m生物量
Biomass/kg10~15 7 10.9 11.1 6.6 2.6 3.3 28.50 11.4 11.2 9.3 3.2 2.3 35.70 13.3 12.3 10.2 5.3 6.4 56.05 13.4 12.0 9.6 6.0 5.0 56.61 13.5 11.4 7.8 4.9 4.8 52.35 13.6 11.2 8.1 4.9 4.5 59.46 13.8 11.7 9.3 4.7 4.3 60.26 15~20 3 17.1 13.9 11.9 3.9 8.8 81.36 17.7 13.5 9.6 5.1 5.6 102.84 18.8 12.6 10.2 5.7 6.3 108.95 >20 3 20.1 13.0 11.5 6.0 7.2 134.82 24.8 14.5 12.0 6.5 8.6 223.20 27.2 13.6 12.6 8.4 9.7 320.27 
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表 2 株水平上各器官生物量测定值
Table 2 Measurement of each component biomass at the tree level
kg 组分
Component径级DBH class 10~15 cm 15~20 cm >20 cm 叶生物量
Leaf biomass2.62 3.80 17.96 干生物量
Stem biomass28.20 51.59 146.00 枝生物量
Branch biomass6.02 16.01 72.60 地上部分生物量
Aboveground biomass36.84 71.40 236.56 根生物量
Root biomass13.01 26.32 83.70 总生物量
Total biomass49.85 97.72 320.26
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表 3 枝水平上枝生物量异速生长模型
Table 3 Allometric models for branch at branch level
生物量
Biomass/kg模型
Model系数Coefficient Radj2 显著性
Sig.CF SSE MAE MPE a b c 枝Branch lnW=a+blnBD -0.46 ns 3.039*** - 0.904 P＜0.001 1.078 1.699 0.279 24.718 lnW=a+blnBD+ClnBL0.039 ns 0.916 ns 2.129 0.957 P＜0.001 1.026 0.715 0.201 12.038 注：*表示在0.05水平上差异显著；**表示在0.01水平上差异显著；***表示在0.001水平上差异显著；ns表示在0.05水平上差异不显著；BD表示基径；BL表示枝长。下同。Notes: * means significant difference at P＜0.05 level; ** means significant difference at P＜0.01 level; *** means significant difference at P＜0.01 level; ns means no significant difference at P＜0.05 level; BD means branch diameter; BL means branch length. The same below.
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表 4 银杏不同器官生物量模型参数估计、拟合结果和检验结果
Table 4 Parameter estimation, fitting and test results of different components of G. biloba biomass
模型
Model生物量
Biomass/kg系数Coefficient Radj2 显著性Sig. CF SSE MAE MPE a b c lnW=a+blnD 叶Leaf -5.21*** 2.37*** 0.868 P＜0.001 1.025 0 0.752 0.199 17.535 干Stem -2.23*** 2.17*** 0.989 P＜0.001 1.000 1 0.046 0.048 1.280 枝Branch -6.95*** 3.36*** 0.871 P＜0.001 1.077 0 1.471 0.263 26.879 地上Aboveground -2.56*** 2.40*** 0.980 P＜0.001 1.003 0 0.104 0.073 1.848 根Root -3.75*** 2.45*** 0.989 P＜0.001 1.000 6 0.107 0.078 2.761 全株Total -2.29*** 2.41*** 0.985 P＜0.001 1.000 2 0.081 0.066 1.550 lnW=a+blnH 叶Leaf -14.09** 6.13** 0.571 P＜0.010 1.075 4 2.518 0.356 33.011 干Stem -10.75** 5.77*** 0.698 P＜0.001 1.004 7 1.634 0.297 7.758 枝Branch -19.13** 8.53** 0.550 P＜0.001 1.153 1 6.183 0.489 44.667 地上Aboveground -10.51** 5.09*** 0.668 P＜0.001 1.005 4 2.166 0.325 7.890 根Root -13.24** 6.46*** 0.678 P＜0.001 1.010 8 2.265 0.337 11.212 全株Total -11.55** 6.32*** 0.068 P＜0.001 1.004 8 2.159 0.327 7.393 lnW=a+bln(D2H) 叶Leaf -6.95*** 1.03*** 0.853 P＜0.001 1.025 4 0.770 0.206 17.974 干Stem -3.84*** 0.95*** 0.980 P＜0.001 1.000 2 0.080 0.058 1.556 枝Branch -9.38*** 1.46*** 0.852 P＜0.001 1.080 0 1.719 0.288 28.092 地上Aboveground -4.32*** 1.04*** 0.967 P＜0.001 1.000 5 0.168 0.082 2.040 根Root -5.60*** 1.07*** 0.967 P＜0.001 1.001 0 0.174 0.103 3.542 全株Total -4.07*** 1.05*** 0.972 P＜0.001 1.000 3 0.145 0.080 1.823 lnW=a+blnD+clnH 叶Leaf -3.26*** 2.68*** -1.12*** 0.861 P＜0.001 1.025 2 0.749 0.200 17.649 干Stem -1.61*** 2.27*** -0.36*** 0.990 P＜0.001 1.000 2 0.046 0.480 1.277 枝Branch -3.14*** 3.97*** -2.18*** 0.870 P＜0.001 1.077 2 1.377 0.257 26.786 地上Aboveground -1.18*** 2.62*** -0.79*** 0.981 P＜0.001 1.000 3 0.100 0.073 1.864 根Root -2.64*** 2.63*** -0.64*** 0.980 P＜0.001 1.000 7 0.104 0.074 2.657 全株Total -1.01*** 2.61*** -0.73*** 0.986 P＜0.001 1.000 2 0.077 0.067 1.564
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