Review on realistic forest modeling methods

Huai Yongjian; Meng Qingkuo; Chen Yuanyuan; Ma Tianrong; Xu Haifeng; Nie Xiaoying

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210544

Journal of Beijing Forestry University > 2022 > 44(8): 134-146. > DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210544

Huai Yongjian, Meng Qingkuo, Chen Yuanyuan, Ma Tianrong, Xu Haifeng, Nie Xiaoying. Review on realistic forest modeling methods[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2022, 44(8): 134-146. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20210544

Citation:

PDF (2358 KB)

Review on realistic forest modeling methods

1.
School of Information Science & Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Suzhou YunShangKan Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215163, Jiangsu, China

More Information

Received Date: December 20, 2021
Revised Date: July 04, 2022
Available Online: July 07, 2022
Published Date: August 24, 2022

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

As an important part of national natural resources, forest has important research value. The construction of virtual forest realistic model has economic and social benefits such as film and television special effects, game entertainment and forest ecology, and is conducive to the accumulation and arrangement of world digital forest resources. At present, different virtual forest modeling methods still have some deficiencies in expressing the reality of the model. Based on the analysis of the research status of virtual forest, this paper gives different classifications of realistic modeling methods, and summarizes the theoretical basis, application fields, advantages and disadvantages of reconstruction methods based on real world data, interactive modeling methods and system modeling methods based on rules or procedures. In addition, the most popular modeling software with strong applicability was summarized and compared. Finally, the existing problems and further development trend of realistic forest modeling methods are discussed.
- virtual plant model,
- visualization,
- analogue simulation,
- FSPM,
- virtual plant modeling platform,
- multi-scale modeling

FullText(HTML)

References (49)

References

[1]	杨垠晖, 王锐. 树木的真实感建模与绘制综述[J]. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2018, 30(2): 191−216. Yang Y H, Wang R. Realistic modeling and rendering of trees: a survey[J]. Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics, 2018, 30(2): 191−216.
[2]	欧中斌, 廖桂平, 喻飞, 等. 虚拟植物生长建模[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2006, 18(增刊1): 291−294. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-731X.2006.z1.088 Ou Z B, Liao G P, Yu F, et al. Modeling of crop growth virtual plant[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2006, 18(Suppl.1): 291−294. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-731X.2006.z1.088
[3]	孙永香, 刘彤, 郑永果, 等. 虚拟植物的建模方法[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2006, 18(增刊1): 263−266. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-731X.2006.z1.080 Sun Y X, Liu T, Zheng Y G, et al. Virtual plant modeling[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2006, 18(Suppl.1): 263−266. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-731X.2006.z1.080
[4]	Stava O, Pirk S, Kratt J, et al. Inverse procedural modelling of trees[J]. Journal of the European Association for Computer Graphics, 2014, 33(6): 118−131.
[5]	Li C, Deussen O, Song Y Z, et al. Modeling and generating moving trees from video[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 2011, 30(6): 1−12.
[6]	Li D, Yang R, Hu Y, et al. Tracking trajectory of 3D trees moving based on video data driven[C]//Guerrero J E. 2014 Seventh International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design. Washington: IEEE Computer Society, 2014: 89−92.
[7]	Shlyakhter I, Rozenoer M, Dorsey J, et al. Reconstructing 3D tree models from instrumented photographs[J]. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2001, 21(3): 53−61.
[8]	Reche-Martinez A, Martin I, Drettakis G. Volumetric reconstruction and interactive rendering of trees from photographs[M]// Marks J. ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2004: 720−727.
[9]	Quan L, Tan P, Zeng G, et al. Image-based plant modeling[M]//Finnegan J. ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2006: 599−604.
[10]	Neubert B, Franken T, Deussen O. Approximate image-based tree-modeling using particle flows[M]//Levoy M. ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2007: 88−90.
[11]	Tan P, Zeng G, Wang J, et al. Image-based tree modeling[M]//Levoy M. ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2007: 87−90.
[12]	Argudo O, Chica A, Andujar C. Single-picture reconstruction and rendering of trees for plausible vegetation synthesis[J]. Computers & Graphics, 2016, 57: 55−67.
[13]	Li B, Kałużny J, Klein J, et al. Learning to reconstruct botanical trees from single images[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 2021, 40(6): 1−15.
[14]	Livny Y, Yan F, Olson M, et al. Automatic reconstruction of tree skeletal structures from point clouds[M]// Drettakis G. ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2010 papers. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2010: 1−8.
[15]	Li Y, Fan X, Mitra N J, et al. Analyzing growing plants from 4D point cloud data[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 2013, 32(6): 1−10.
[16]	Xie K, Yan F, Sharf A, et al. Tree modeling with real tree-parts examples[J]. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2015, 22(12): 2608−2618.
[17]	刘阁, 周国民. L系统理论及其应用综述[J]. 农业网络信息, 2008(9): 21−23. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6251.2008.09.007 Liu G, Zhou G M. The summarization of the theory and application of L-systems[J]. Agriculture Network Information, 2008(9): 21−23. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6251.2008.09.007
[18]	Bielefeldt B R, Akleman E, Reich G W, et al. L-system-generated mechanism topology optimization using graph-based interpretation[J]. Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics, 2019, 11(2): 020905. doi: 10.1115/1.4042512
[19]	Juhari J, Alghar M Z. Modeling plant stems using the deterministic lindenmayer system[J]. CAUCHY: Journal Matematika Murni dan Aplikasi, 2021, 6(4): 286−295. doi: 10.18860/ca.v6i4.11591
[20]	Cieslak M, Prusinkiewicz P. Gillespie-Lindenmayer systems for stochastic simulation of morphogenesis[J]. In Silico Plants, 2019, 1(1): diz009. doi: 10.1093/insilicoplants/diz009
[21]	Sievänen R, Godin C, de Jong T M, et al. Functional-structural plant models: a growing paradigm for plant studies[J]. Annals of Botany, 2014, 114(4): 599−603. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcu175
[22]	Guo J, Jiang H, Benes B, et al. Inverse procedural modeling of branching structures by inferring L-systems[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2020, 39(5): 1−13.
[23]	Zhao X, Reffye P D, Houllier F, et al. Interactive simulation of plant architecture based on a dual-scale automaton model[C]// Hu B G. Plant growth modeling and applications. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2003: 144−153.
[24]	Pirk S, Stava O, Kratt J, et al. Plastic trees: interactive self-adapting botanical tree models[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 2012, 31(4): 1−10.
[25]	Zhao Y, Barbič J. Interactive authoring of simulation-ready plants[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 2013, 32(4): 1−12.
[26]	Pirk S, Niese T, Hädrich T, et al. Windy trees: computing stress response for developmental tree models[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 2014, 33(6): 1−11.
[27]	Hädrich T, Benes B, Deussen O, et al. Interactive modeling and authoring of climbing plants[C]//Chen M. Computer graphics forum. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017: 49−61.
[28]	Quigley E, Yu Y, Huang J, et al. Real-time interactive tree animation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2017, 24(5): 1717−1727.
[29]	Liu Z, Shen C, Li Z, et al. Interactive modeling of trees using VR devices[C]//Wang D X. 2019 International Conference on Virtual Reality and Visualization (ICVRV). Los Alamitos: IEEE Computer Society, 2019: 69−75.
[30]	Yan F, Gong M, Cohen-Or D, et al. Flower reconstruction from a single photo[C]//Deussen O. Computer graphics forum. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2014: 439−447.
[31]	Loi C, Cournède P H. A Markovian framework to formalize stochastic L-systems and application to models of plant development[J/OL]. INRIA, 2008 [2021−10−12]. https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00359515
[32]	黄争舸, 陈建军, 杨廷俊, 等. 基于二叉树的上下文相关L-系统实现[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2008, 42(3): 403−406. doi: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2008.03.008 Huang Z G, Chen J J, Yang T J, et al. Implementation of context-sensitive L-system based on binary tree[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2008, 42(3): 403−406. doi: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2008.03.008
[33]	石银涛, 程效军, 张鸿飞. 基于参数L-系统的三维树木仿真[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 39(12): 1871−1876. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-374x.2011.12.026 Shi Y T, Cheng X J, Zhang H F. Three dimensional trees emulation based on parametric L-system[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2011, 39(12): 1871−1876. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-374x.2011.12.026
[34]	林郁欣, 唐丽玉, 陈崇成, 等. 基于组合型L-系统的单树建模工具的设计与实现[J]. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(3): 185−190. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.03.035 Lin Y X, Tang L Y, Chen C C, et al. Design and implementation of tree individual modeling tool based on compounded L-system[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2011, 27(3): 185−190. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2011.03.035
[35]	Hamon L, Richard E, Richard P, et al. RTIL-system: a real-time interactive L-system for 3D interactions with virtual plants[J]. Virtual Reality, 2012, 16(2): 151−160. doi: 10.1007/s10055-011-0193-y
[36]	王志维, 江梦璇, 李晖. 基于OpenGL迭代函数植物建模算法的改进及实现[J]. 武汉工程大学学报, 2016, 38(2): 204−208. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2869.2016.02.019 Wang Z W, Jiang M X, Li H. Improvement and implementation of plant modeling algorithm of iterative function based on openGL[J]. Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology, 2016, 38(2): 204−208. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2869.2016.02.019
[37]	Zhang F X, Lu F Y, Wang M L. Realistic simulation of potted monocot plant based on IFS[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2017, 29(11): 2678−2684.
[38]	Reeves W T. Particle systems: a technique for modeling a class of fuzzy objects[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 1983, 2(2): 91−108. doi: 10.1145/357318.357320
[39]	熊海桥, 蒋立华, 罗轶先, 等. 基于粒子系统的物理约束植物根生长建模[J]. 计算机应用, 2002(7): 39−41. Xiong H Q, Jiang L H, Luo Y X, et al. A physically restrained plant root growing model based on particle system[J]. Computer Applications, 2002(7): 39−41.
[40]	Ding W, Zhao Y, Xin W, et al. Parameter extraction method of virtual plant growth model based on improved particle swarm optimization[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2021, 191: 106470. doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2021.106470
[41]	Sievänen R, Nikinmaa E, Perttunen J. Evaluation of importance of sapwood senescence on tree growth using the model Lignum[J]. Silva Fennica, 1997, 31(3): 329−340.
[42]	Perttunen J, Nikinmaa E, Lechowicz M J, et al. Application of the functional-structural tree model LIGNUM to sugar maple saplings (Acer saccharum Marsh) growing in forest gaps[J]. Annals of Botany, 2001, 88(3): 471−481. doi: 10.1006/anbo.2001.1489
[43]	Kang M Z, Heuvelink E, Carvalho S M P, et al. A virtual plant that responds to the environment like a real one: the case for chrysanthemum[J]. New Phytologist, 2012, 195(2): 384−395. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04177.x
[44]	Cieslak M, Owens A, Prusinkiewicz P. Computational models of auxin-driven patterning in shoots[J]. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 2021, 14(3): a040097.
[45]	Hong S M, Simpson B, Baranoski G V G. Interactive venation-based leaf shape modeling[J]. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 2005, 16(3−4): 415−427. doi: 10.1002/cav.88
[46]	董春胜, 荣霞. 三维迭代函数系统植物模拟[J]. 辽宁工程技术大学学报, 2014, 33(5): 712−715. Dong C S, Rong X. Plant simulation three dimension iterated function system[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science), 2014, 33(5): 712−715.
[47]	Perttunen J, Änen R S, Nikinmaa E, et al. LIGNUM: a tree model based on simple structural units[J]. Annals of Botany, 1996, 77(1): 87−98. doi: 10.1006/anbo.1996.0011
[48]	Yi L, Li H, Guo J, et al. Tree growth modelling constrained by growth equations[C]//Chen M. Computer graphics forum. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2018: 239−253.
[49]	Jullien A, Mathieu A, Allirand J M, et al. Characterization of the interactions between architecture and source–sink relationships in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) using the GreenLab model[J]. Annals of Botany, 2011, 107(5): 765−779. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcq205

[1]	Kuai Yue, Wang Chunmei, Dou Xiaomin, Yan Haifei, Li Chenxi. Multiscale modeling of shrub biomass and analysis of carbon pool characteristics in arid and semi-arid regions: a case study of the Hubq Desert, Inner Mongolia of northern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20250017
[2]	Fan Yinglong, Tang Sainan, Tan Bingxiang. Forest cover change detection based on multi-scale segmentation and tasseled cap transformation over plateau area[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2023, 45(4): 60-69. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20220375
[3]	Yu Ying, Liu Min, Fan Wenyi, Wei Tiantian, Cheng Tenghui, Jiang Bo, Zhang Yue. Scale conversion of photochemical reflectance index based on PROSPECT and 4-scale models[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2020, 42(10): 27-35. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20190190
[4]	LI Xiao-yu, LIAO Jia-xing, HOU Man-man, FAN Xiu-hua. Multi-scale analysis on community phylogenetic structure of secondary Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla forest in Changbai Mountains, northeastern China.[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2016, 38(12): 14-20. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20160258
[5]	HUANG He-shan, LI Ting, LIU Jin-hao. Dynamic modeling and simulation analysis of 6-HUS parallel moving platform[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2015, 37(4): 143-150. DOI: DOI:10.13332/j.1000-1522.20140349
[6]	GAO Jie, ZHANG Jun, CHENG Yan-xia, SUN Guo-wen. Multi-scale analysis on spatial patterns and tree species diversity in different forest types in Changbai Mountains, northeastern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2014, 36(6): 99-105. DOI: 10.13332/j.cnki.jbfu.2014.06.019
[7]	YAO Yi-tong, YUAN Zheng-long, WEI Yan-bo, ZHAO Xiu-hai. Multi-scale analysis on tree diversity pattern in a secondary Populus davidiana-Betula platyhylla forest in Changbai Mountains, northeastern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2014, 36(6): 86-92. DOI: 10.13332/j.cnki.jbfu.2014.06.017
[8]	LI Zi-wei, HUAI Yong-jian, FU Hui.. Virtual plant growth simulation based on illumination model.[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2013, 35(4): 81-86.
[9]	TAO Si-wei, ZHAO Dong. Rapid parametric modeling of geometry structure for trees.[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2013, 35(2): 97-101.
[10]	LIU Peng-ju, ZHOU Yu-fei, LI Zhi-qing, TANG Xiao-ming. Modeling technology of multithematic data input for forest resource inventory[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2009, 31(1): 50-54.

Cited By

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article views PDF downloads

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

Review on realistic forest modeling methods

Abstract

References

Related Articles

Catalog

Review on realistic forest modeling methods

Abstract

References

Related Articles

Catalog

Export File

Citation

Format

Content