Abstract: Characteristics of soil seed banks of sand dune succession in Horqin Sandy Land were studied.The annual plants dominated the species and soil seed density during sand dune succession process.Soil seed density of mobile and semi-mobile sand dune was about 90 and 364 grain/m², and that of semi-fixed and fixed sand dune increased to 723 and 8 880 grain/m² significantly.Analyzing the temporal dynamics and vertical distribution of soil seed density in sand dune succession process, the results were drawn as the following in mobile and semi-mobile sand dune (P>0.05), but was significant in fixed and semi-fixed sand dune (P ≤ 0.002);soil seed bank type of fixed and semi-fixed sand dune was persistent soil seed bank Ⅲa, and the deeper the soil depth was, the fewer the soil density was.Soil seed density in sand dune succession process was correlated with the species frequency significantly, and the correlation coefficient was 0.568.