Evaluation of forest ecosystem service functions in Fenglin Biosphere Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province

The Fenglin Nature Reserve, located in the middle section of Xiaoxing’an Mountains, is presently one of the most typical and integrated ecosystems of primary broadleafKorean pine forests in the north temperate zone of the world. From the perspectives of substance and value, our study adopts shadow engineering method, opportunity cost method, market value method and other methods to evaluate six main functions of its ecosystem service functions including 11 indices. The result reveals that, averagely in each year, the forest ecological system in the reserve can retain water 4 12290×104 m3, conserve soil 173.98×104 m3, fix CO2 63 865.6 t, release O2 170 853.1 t, accumulate nutrients 337.87 t, absorb SO2 2 646.76 t, reduce dust 376 840.68 t and produce negative ions 384×1023 The total biodiversity ecological function value of the nature reserve is estimated to be 107 273.34×104 yuan/year and the value of unit area is 61 658.43 yuan/hm2 per year The function value of reserving water, conserving soil, fixing CO2 and releasing O2 accounts for 768% of the total biodiversity ecological function value. The ratio of waterreserving value is the highest, which accounts for 31%. The order of biodiversity ecological function value is: water reservationsoil conservationCO2 fixation and O2 releaseprovisioning of habitair purificationnutrient accumulation.