Soil bacterial diversity and its influencing factors of walnut forests with different stand ages in Xizang Plateau of northwestern China

Gao Hemiao; Ren Aitian; Zhang Shaocong; Yuan Longyi

doi:10.12171/j.1000-1522.20230051

Journal of Beijing Forestry University > 2023 > 45(11): 100-109. > DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20230051

Gao Hemiao, Ren Aitian, Zhang Shaocong, Yuan Longyi. Soil bacterial diversity and its influencing factors of walnut forests with different stand ages in Xizang Plateau of northwestern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2023, 45(11): 100-109. DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20230051

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Soil bacterial diversity and its influencing factors of walnut forests with different stand ages in Xizang Plateau of northwestern China

College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China

More Information

Received Date: March 08, 2023
Revised Date: September 05, 2023
Available Online: November 14, 2023

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Objective
Soil bacteria play an important role in maintaining the ecological function and health of the soil ecosystem. Based on understanding the variation of soil bacterial community with the stand ages of walnut forests, combined with soil factors, this paper aims to further explore the relationship between soil microbial community and soil properties. At the same time, the driving factors of soil microbial community composition changes were elucidated.
Method
In this study, we sampled soils in walnut consisting of stands of 8, 50 and over 100 years of average age to measure soil physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, and to describe the composition and diversity of soil microbial community using high-throughput sequencing technology.
Result
(1) There was no significant difference in soil bacterial richness under different stand ages, but ancient walnut forests (more than 100 years) significantly reduced soil bacterial Shannon index, Simpson index and Pielou index. (2) Amplicon sequencing revealed Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Myxococcota, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phylum of soil bacteria under different stand ages. There were significant differences in the relative abundance of some microbial groups under different walnut ages. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly increased, but Chloroflexi was significantly decreased, and Bacteroidetes first increased and then decreased. (3) Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling showed that there were significant differences between soil bacterial communities under different stand ages. In addition, the composition of bacterial communities was significantly affected by soil nitrate nitrogen content. (4) Correlation analysis also showed a significant or very significant correlation between soil enzymes, soil physicochemical properties and diversity, dominant phylum of soil bacteria.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the changes in composition and diversity of soil microbial communities in walnut forests occurring over time can largely be attributed to changes in soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities. Soil nitrate-nitrogen content is the main driving factor in microbial community formation. Importantly, the bacterial community diversity of ancient walnut forests is significantly reduced, which aggravates the microecology imbalance in the rhizospheric soil of ancient walnut forests. The study is an essential supplement to the analysis of bacterial communities in the forest. In addition to renewing walnut trees in actual production, inorganic and organic fertilizers or microbial fertilizers can be rationally used to maintain the stability of the soil ecosystem of walnut forests.
- Xizang Plateau,
- walnut forest; microbial diversity,
- plantation age,
- soil property,
- enzyme activity

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References (51)

References

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Soil bacterial diversity and its influencing factors of walnut forests with different stand ages in Xizang Plateau of northwestern China